This would happen when the drug you take actually needs CYP3A4 to transform it into the active compound (e.g. Stronger effects, due to higher blood levels of the drug.When grapefruit juice is consumed, CYP3A4 ‘s ability to break down the drug is decreased. It is responsible for processing about 50% of all prescribed drugs. This is an enzyme found in the small intestine and the liver that breaks down (metabolizes) drugs. 1) CYP3A4 Inhibitionįuranocoumarins found in grapefruit block the CYP3A4 enzyme. There are 3 main ways in which grapefruit interacts with drugs however, these can also be modified by genetics, and vary from person to person. Mechanisms of the “Grapefruit Effect” Why and How Grapefruit Messes with Your Medications They claim that the risk of grapefruit interactions with many other drugs, including quinine, quinidine, erythromycin, dextromethorphan, oxycodone, tolvaptan, nilotinib, and sunitinib, are clinically not relevant. This is because many of the interaction studies involve exposure to quantities of grapefruit juice far higher than that normally consumed. However, some scientists believe that only a few drugs can produce significant reactions (these include simvastatin, buspirone, felodipine, and possibly cyclosporine). Of concern is that new drugs tend to be released before grapefruit interaction testing, putting patients at risk. Many are frequently prescribed and essential for treating common medical conditions. ĭrugs that interact with one or more of grapefruit’s many biologically active substances are increasingly available. This discovery led to further investigations of grapefruit’s constituents, drug interactions, and the mechanisms involved. In the early 1990s, scientists found that grapefruit juice could markedly increase the levels and action of drugs taken orally. Read on to learn about why and how grapefruit messes with your medications, and what are the risks and side effects of these interactions. Grapefruit affects a great number of over-the-counter and prescription drugs. A plus sign next to the number “” means that the information is found within the full scientific study rather than the abstract. If you feel that any of our content is inaccurate, out-of-date, or otherwise questionable, please leave a comment or contact us at that each number in parentheses is a clickable link to peer-reviewed scientific studies. Our goal is to not have a single piece of inaccurate information on this website. They are continually monitored by our internal peer-review process and if we see anyone making material science errors, we don't let them write for us again. Our science team must pass long technical science tests, difficult logical reasoning and reading comprehension tests. Our science team is put through the strictest vetting process in the health industry and we often reject applicants who have written articles for many of the largest health websites that are deemed trustworthy. Our team comprises of trained MDs, PhDs, pharmacists, qualified scientists, and certified health and wellness specialists.Īll of our content is written by scientists and people with a strong science background. ![]() We are dedicated to providing the most scientifically valid, unbiased, and comprehensive information on any given topic. We believe that the most accurate information is found directly in the scientific source. SelfHacked has the strictest sourcing guidelines in the health industry and we almost exclusively link to medically peer-reviewed studies, usually on PubMed.
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